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To cope with climate change, IMO is strengthening GHS (Green House Gas) emission regulations to reduce green-house gas emissions by 50% compared to 2008 by 2050.

IMO also strengthen regulations of ship energy efficiency for new building ships as well as existing ships built before 2013. The EEXI (Energy Efficiency Existing ship Index) is part of the technical approach taken by IMO to improve operational efficiency.

CII (Carbon Intensity Indicator) aims to increase operational efficiency by improving the ship's fuel efficiency as an indicator calculated based on ship's fuel usage, sailing distance and time. The CII measures how efficiently a ship transports goods or passengers and is given in grams of CO2 emitted per cargo-carrying capacity and nautical mile.

The ship is then given an annual rating ranging from A to E, whereby the rating thresholds will become increasingly stringent towards 2030. While the EEXI is a one-time certification targeting design parameters, the CII addresses the actual emissions in operation.